What is Printmaking?

Print making in Art

Print making is an artistic process where images are produced on materials like fabric, plastic, and the like. It dates back to 255 B.C China but it is now practised across the world in various forms. The basic process is based on the fact of transferring images from a matrix to another surface with either tools or chemicals. Traditional print techniques include woodcut, etching, engraving and lithography, while in the modern times screen-printing can also be categorised as print making.

If you are confused about what a matrix is, let us explain. A matrix is a kind of a template made out of glass, metal or wood. One needs to ink a matrix to transfer it to the desired surface. This can be done by using a printing press, that can create an even and seamless impression of the design when it is printed onto the fabric or paper. However, in the screen printing technique, one doesn’t even need a printing press.

“While most types of artwork are known for being single pieces that can never be replicated in exact detail, printmaking is a type of art that utilizes the ability to create multiple copies of a piece of art.”

Such fine prints, as they are known collectively, are considered original works of art, even though they can exist in multiples.

The process of Printmaking can be from four main categories:

STENCIL:

Blocking some areas and printing from the remaining area on the paper; as it is often practiced in screen printing.

RELIEF:

 In this process, ink is rolled onto the surface of the matrix and paper is rubbed or passed through the press for transfer of image; as practiced in woodcut, linocut and mono prints.

INTAGLIO: 

Intaglio process of print making, is as fun as the name sounds. Here, the Ink goes beneath the surface of the matrix as the image is cut in to the surface; damp paper is put on it and passed through etching press with pressure. This process is practiced during etching, aquatint, mezzotint and dry point.

 PLANOGRAPHIC: 

During Planographic, the matrix retains its entire surface, but some parts are treated to retain the image, while others don’t. The image is then transferred onto the paper in a litho press. This process is practiced in lithography technique of print making.

Some Music and Fashion pop up festivals, originating in the metro cities of India, often have screen printing as a process of print making taking place to amuse visitors. Mainstream brands like Levis also use screen printing to create some of their T-shirts.

Have you ever come across printing- making? Tell us in the comments below.